mughal empire dbqmughal empire dbq

As opposed to the polybolos and repeating crossbows used earlier in ancient Greece and China, respectively, Shirazi's rapid-firing gun had multiple gun barrels that fired hand cannons loaded with gunpowder. argumentative Essay. [127], Bengal accounted for more than 50% of textiles and around 80% of silks imported by the Dutch from Asia,[124] Bengali silk and cotton textiles were exported in large quantities to Europe, Indonesia, and Japan,[9]:202 and Bengali muslin textiles from Dhaka were sold in Central Asia, where they were known as "Dhaka textiles". 3 0 obj Mughal emperors (Urdu: , Persian: , romanized: Shhanshhn-e-Hindustan) were the supreme heads of state of the Mughal Empire on the Indian subcontinent, mainly corresponding to the modern countries of India, Pakistan, Afghanistan and Bangladesh.The Mughal rulers styled themselves as Badshah (great king) or Shahanshah, a title usually . [9] Under the zabt system, the Mughals also conducted extensive cadastral surveying to assess the area of land under plow cultivation, with the Mughal state encouraging greater land cultivation by offering tax-free periods to those who brought new land under cultivation. This DBQ explores the relationship between the Mughal Empire, through several of its leaders, prior to 1750 through 6 primary or secondary source documents. The ministry in charge of law/religious patronage was the responsibility of the sadr as-sudr, who appointed judges and managed charities and stipends. One such court was that of the qadi. 008g,:sVf"fWigbqCitVY*YFXP`Kp#GGK6p4(i4h Ab`RP>#D"@w5)fb>_YYy`'+a4# q(u`>; XzhT qu [139][pageneeded]. "Mughals" redirects here. There was a scornful laughter and Akbar asked for an explanation. He increased trade with European trading companies. hVY6|lI3=nu6m5HHIli: &>d`#=$pK&Ea7rp8q A/_D+=UTF 9q.Rmu2Tr9_Zn#b+a:+.g8 k.-p # |/(P.J0q&tii L4X(A:MeXs40W`\g7HadI!KXBgF*&cWyqj1#KPB'} The Mughal dynasty was notable for its more than two centuries of effective . [40] In the west, the term "Mughal" was used for the emperor, and by extension, the empire as a whole.[41]. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. 481 words. Babur was followed by his son Humayun who was a bad emperor, a better poet, and a drug addict. The importance of slavery in the Empire diminished and peace was made with the Hindu kingdoms of Southern India. Answer: Chagtai Turkic. [61] With the support of the Islamic orthodoxy, however, a younger son of Shah Jahan, Aurangzeb (r.16581707), seized the throne. Muslim Empire Dbq. 3hZMj]Dpd]9\ qQG; Around the mid-seventh century, followed by the lead of Muhammad, Muslims conquered a huge area including Central Asia, Middle East and North Africa . He came to the throne after imprisoning his father and having his older brother killed. Urdu uses an Arabic script, but Persian vocabulary and Hindi grammatical structure. the last of the great nomadic conquerors of the Eurasian Steppe, and his empire set the stage for the rise of the more structured and lasting Islamic Gunpowder Empires in the 16th and 17th centuries. [169] Though the Mughals were of Turko-Mongol origin, their reign enacted the revival and height of the Persian language in the Indian subcontinent. According to Dyson urbanization of Mughal empire was less than 9%. %".{l1AbL}9mmHY2[,ArDxPGW7]6vF x H"~,.fi)|$a WWHZ40\qe,\Aawj)g):\6 Gwe;sH- bV That is why I say the cotton boll is the most beautiful flower. [135] Domestically, much of India depended on Bengali products such as rice, silks and cotton textiles. The sources include one 19th century article from the New York Times and one illustration, and each document is followed by at least one constructed response question and a summary essay . 2("%m'N*\ An innovation was the amount of autonomy he allowed to the provinces. endobj endobj While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. % Historians have offered numerous explanations for the rapid collapse of the Mughal Empire between 1707 and 1720, after a century of growth and prosperity. No approval by, nor association with, the creators of the CCSS is intended or implied. He made several excursions in the tribal habitats there. During the Mughal Empire's peak, the Fatawa 'Alamgiri was commissioned by Emperor Aurangzeb. Before the 1700s, three of the major imperiums were called the Gunpowder Empires: the Ottomans of Turkey, the Safavids of Iran, and the Mughals of India. [144] This was higher than the percentage of the urban population in contemporary Europe at the time and higher than that of British India in the 19th century;[144] the level of urbanization in Europe did not reach 15% until the 19th century. They also retained the great military skill and cunning of their Mongol ancestors, and were among the first Western military leaders to use guns. %%EOF . %PDF-1.5 Akbar's government machine included many Hindus in positions of responsibility - the governed were allowed to take a major part in the governing. After that time it continued to exist as a considerably reduced and increasingly powerless entity until the mid-19th century. Are you getting the free resources, updates, and special offers we send out every week in our teacher newsletter? [87] Sometimes this was necessitated by political and military demands, but shifts also occurred for ideological reasons (for example, Akbar's establishment of Fatehpur Sikri), or even simply because the cost of establishing a new capital was marginal. yw>}Fy `WoyzdV] +CUR`,`@cR4Et%!nH,3R+i#e`V_cinzVnOfOg={`IZK[1C8Xl+7Gjyl)var(Gb? /AW[pm[/) ]Rp-d)I7^6},np*EC[Vna`)NN$$b8c"C#2AJvigPn_Z9YRrAg qS{H 113. %PDF-1.6 % Jahangir's approach was typified by the development of Urdu as the official language of Empire. The Mughal Empire began to decline in the 18th century, during the reign of Muammad Shah (171948). W N S E Ottoman Empire Key 0 1000 miles Safavid Empire Mughal Empire 0 1000 kilometers Source: Peter N. Stearns et al., World Civilizations: The Global Experience, Pearson Longman (adapted) Kandahar Damascus Jerusalem Suakin Mughal Empire PERSIA HUNGARY ANATOLIA IRAQ SYRIA Izmir Aleppo Istanbul Belgrade Ottoman Basra Empire Mecca . Bburs father, Umar Shaykh Mrz, ruled the small principality of Fergana to the north of the Hindu Kush mountain range; Bbur inherited the principality at a young age, in 1494. [133], The Bengal Subah province was especially prosperous from the time of its takeover by the Mughals in 1590 until the British East India Company seized control in 1757. [80] According to Williamson, the decline of the Mughal Empire led to a decline in agricultural productivity, which drove up food prices, then nominal wages, and then textile prices, which led to India losing a share of the world textile market to Britain even before it had superior factory technology. The effectiveness of military conquest for destroying political structures is also demonstrated in Document 6, an account of a battle in Sudan that demonstrates the awesome firepower of machine guns to leave the Sudanese fighters in tangled heaps. Although the document, written by the British Churchill, might provide a glorified account of the battle that exaggerates the British advantage, the fact that Churchill expected their weapon technology would automatically give victory is indicated in the disbelieving sentence: It appeared to our cavalry commander that the [Sudanese fighters] would actually succeed.. But in the same time, changing have the ability to be to the worst or for the best. can earn you one point on both the DBQ and LEQ essays. endobj Mughal dynasty, Mughal also spelled Mogul, Persian Mughl (Mongol), Muslim dynasty of Turkic-Mongol origin that ruled most of northern India from the early 16th to the mid-18th century. (~-:x&{gSQn+ {1[0\yQlQ[:Z)vf6H%$4RH? The Mughal dynasty was founded by Babur, the grandson of Timur and Genghiz Khan. [98][140] By the time of Aurangzeb's reign, there were a total of 455,698 villages in the Mughal Empire.[142]. Mughal dynasty, Mughal also spelled Mogul, Persian Mughl ("Mongol"), Muslim dynasty of Turkic-Mongol origin that ruled most of northern India from the early 16th to the mid-18th century. [86], Mughal administrative divisions were not static. "The Urdu language reforms." Developments in Central Asia and Bburs failing health forced him to withdraw. Another ministry was dedicated to the imperial household and public works. <> 0jcD Bbur won the battles, but the expedition there too, like the one on the southern borders, was left unfinished. "However, after his death in 1712, the Mughal dynasty sank into chaos and violent feuds. <> For example, the most basic kind was the pargana (district) qadi. [21] The base of the empire's collective wealth was agricultural taxes, instituted by the third Mughal emperor, Akbar. [43] Jahangir distinguished himself from Akbar by making substantial efforts to gain the support of the Islamic religious establishment. The third Emperor, Abu Akbar, is regarded as one of the great rulers of all time, regardless of country. [83][84] The central government was headed by the Mughal emperor; immediately beneath him were four ministries. For the ethnic groups, see. [129] The production of cotton, which may have largely been spun in the villages and then taken to towns in the form of yarn to be woven into cloth textiles, was advanced by the diffusion of the spinning wheel across India shortly before the Mughal era, lowering the costs of yarn and helping to increase demand for cotton. 16 0 obj Babur may have been descended from brutal conquerors, but he was not a barbarian bent on loot and plunder. Between 1519 and 1524when he invaded Bhera, Sialkot, and Lahorehe showed his definite intention to conquer Hindustan, where the political scene favoured his adventure. endobj t[.]]ICW+"thKj p#XHa/5(]8X)ay \r@9Md(D\]XJ(#VJ;]AB 9YDz'5Blaao3tuf& C*O;yNX*2g\@m(q1J|fl=N&i:v%.T.%1ZpW. This page has been archived and is no longer updated. [124] From Bengal, saltpeter was also shipped to Europe, opium was sold in Indonesia, raw silk was exported to Japan and the Netherlands, and cotton and silk textiles were exported to Europe, Indonesia and Japan. Finally came a series of violent political feuds over control of the throne. hVp 7pw~"\8NZ9IqetfB-4 N/'^Jug:i+&ljaT)0'C AdQ,/2JM,9&yd3dY(+r 5&gfWd*4_0fhha=w_p],tW^ZC|p7"~l`SaSENm5oF[EdVPsxV Humyn was fatally injured by falling down the staircase of his library. While you will be able to view the content of this page in your current browser, you will not be able to get the full visual experience. In Cuzco, the Inca Capital, there was a major gold-covered sun temple constructed high above most of the city, allowing the rulers to conduct elaborate ceremonies in full view of their subjects. [36][37] Nevertheless, Babur's ancestors were sharply distinguished from the classical Mongols insofar as they were oriented towards Persian rather than Turco-Mongol culture. The last Mughal emperor, Bahdur Shah II (183757), was exiled by the British after his involvement with the Indian Mutiny of 185758. 2 0 obj <> [146] By 1700, Mughal India had an urban population of 23 million people, larger than British India's urban population of 22.3 million in 1871. [22][23] These taxes, which amounted to well over half the output of a peasant cultivator,[24] were paid in the well-regulated silver currency,[21] and caused peasants and artisans to enter larger markets. [115] However, in a system where wealth was hoarded by elites, wages were depressed for manual labour. Fatehpur Sikri was the new capital built by Akbar, as a part of his attempt to absorb other religions into Islam. . These rockets turned fortunes in favour of the Sultanate of Mysore during the Second Anglo-Mysore War, particularly during the Battle of Pollilur. Land-Based Empires of 1450-1750. . [43] Humayun's exile in Persia established diplomatic ties between the Safavid and Mughal Courts, and led to increasing Persian cultural influence in the later restored Mughal Empire. `RW -v7yE|!%M,iD"H.E a9/ &zD{ob[S^L{V*0s uC!su4$A-D3xc`GA$P4)U>J-}}=H=nea^}^TsY7&;// yA%. [81] Indian textiles, however, still maintained a competitive advantage over British textiles up until the 19th century. [82], The Mughal Empire had a highly centralised, bureaucratic government, most of which was instituted during the rule of the third Mughal emperor Akbar. [103] The revenue system was biased in favour of higher value cash crops such as cotton, indigo, sugar cane, tree-crops, and opium, providing state incentives to grow cash crops, in addition to rising market demand. 3 0 obj Name Historical context: In the early 1500s, India was invaded by the central Asian nomadic army led by Babur, a Muslim descendant of Genghis Khan. <> In 1511 he captured Samarkand, only to realize that, with the formidable Safavid dynasty in Iran and the Uzbeks in Central Asia, he should rather turn to the southeast toward India to have an empire of his own. [103], Despite India having its own stocks of gold and silver, the Mughals produced minimal gold of their own, but mostly minted coins from imported bullion, as a result of the empire's strong export-driven economy, with global demand for Indian agricultural and industrial products drawing a steady stream of precious metals into India. The palaces, tombs, gardens and forts built by the dynasty stand today in Agra, Aurangabad, Delhi, Dhaka, Fatehpur Sikri, Jaipur, Lahore, Kabul, Sheikhupura, and many other cities of India, Pakistan, Afghanistan, and Bangladesh,[163] such as: The Mughal artistic tradition, mainly expressed in painted miniatures, as well as small luxury objects, was eclectic, borrowing from Iranian, Indian, Chinese and Renaissance European stylistic and thematic elements. Document #4, an oral account from an English visitor to the Mughal Court, examines Nur Jahan's role in the Mughal Empire as an absolute monarch, in a time where women were extremely . Alternate titles: Indo-Timurid dynasty, Mogul dynasty, Mughl dynasty, Mughal Empire. The psychological interpretations emphasise depravity in high places, excessive luxury, and increasingly narrow views that left the rulers unprepared for an external challenge. #LFp"9B+5vl(_\M^$/t%Y)xRz j_@I1j`o`2?~273+yNVZs$"+0j 4.bQ'Cxf`:m05?CqVxp3K&(Qkd`)X#`)$-SCH^#++m>MHNrIR7>_&.Qu2`Q7tyi?> =vE_-v}ew@m^. stream The Mughal imperial structure, however, is sometimes dated to 1600, to the rule of Babur's grandson, Akbar. Answer: The Mughal Empire started facing a variety of crises towards the closing years of the 17th century. 11 0 obj [52] Salim was named after the Indian Sufi saint, Salim Chishti and was raised by the daughter of Chishti. [170][171] Muzaffar Alam argues that the Mughals used Persian purposefully as the vehicle of an overarching Indo-Persian political culture, to unite their diverse empire. He established himself in Kabul and then pushed steadily southward into India from Afghanistan through the Khyber Pass. [citation needed] He created a new ruling elite loyal to him, implemented a modern administration, and encouraged cultural developments. Meanwhile, some regional polities within the increasingly fragmented Mughal Empire, involved themselves and the state in global conflicts, leading only to defeat and loss of territory during the Carnatic Wars and the Bengal War. [citation needed] Dara championed a syncretistic Hindu-Muslim culture, emulating his great-grandfather Akbar. 9z26A,VsN"j Uj9VnKN:twO'[ZjK:g,PPh+._K9fAoF1jF% "t4P*hj.v%I9&:Nif1u.I]P%|B l|! CA Privacy Policy endobj endobj Learn about the Mughal Empire that ruled most of India and Pakistan in the 16th and 17th centuries. Babur had employed Ottoman expert Ustad Ali Quli, who showed Babur the standard Ottoman formationartillery and firearm-equipped infantry protected by wagons in the centre and the mounted archers on both wings. Persian language in the Indian subcontinent, History of gunpowder: India and the Mughal Empire, History of metallurgy in the Indian subcontinent, Bidar Bakht Mahmud Shah Bahadur Jahan Shah, "Monumentality and Mobility in Mughal Capitals", "EastWest Orientation of Historical Empires and Modern States", "Expansion and Contraction Patterns of Large Polities: Context for Russia", "BBC - Religions - Sikhism: Origins of Sikhism", "Precolonial Ethnic Violence:The Case of Hindu-Muslim Conflict in India", "The 'Great Firm' Theory of the Decline of the Mughal Empire", "India's Deindustrialization in the 18th and 19th Centuries", The Rise, Organization, and Institutional Framework of Factor Markets, "The Disjointed Spaces of Precolonial Territorial Divisions", "Reflections on Religious Difference and Permissive Inclusion in Mughal Law", India's Deindustrialization in the 18th and 19th Centuries, "The Long Globalization and Textile Producers in India", "The Early Modern Great Divergence: Wages, Prices and Economic Development in Europe and Asia 15001800", "Ascertaining Living Standards in Erstwhile Mysore, Southern India, from Francis Buchanan's Journey of 180001: An Empirical Contribution to the Great Divergence", "The World of Labour in Mughal India (c. 15001750)", "Technological Dynamism in a Stagnant Sector: Safety at Sea during the Early Industrial Revolution", "Bengali New Year: how Akbar invented the modern Bengali calendar", The World Economy: A Millennial Perspective, "Indian GDP before 1870: Some preliminary estimates and a comparison with Britain", "Indo-Persian Literature Conference: SOAS: North Indian Literary Culture (14501650)", "2. <>>> x\G}'&. UmC#{V[0?rNfSm+y|j3=,,Mao4t^[~}eeh-yr4my(Me7&7Wws}O9l8X!pl[}3C_4]@*=6t8&yb)|/^e#>9^Um :wb`O~Kn_5i%z]eCH$/*6#E]]qEYzs|ev;cH?1EkgWr[,Ne~_E=lSdCtiL>G-u0w^] `1-[2PmWC:`Y=0tGk_X a3? -:Vh|qp-`{aWH9~rsi0g.v}M 85S5Z]eunEEX4 ]UE|VIZo .F3|wMMhnwk>8s}Gd'=#dHsg9?'C%Y|Hm]hdA,7"'_X/[;;OZ.Ss"!r/45nM*"a.h\T/ |Wm[ a ;wV(tp7"`; d]V ,d^rJvBUc)2=@SUP 6ZnM@wp! mT. 8Ng=lZ3PPOPzQ2dEE@ELFvtS The sources include one 19th century article from the New York Times and one illustration, and each document is followed by at least one constructed response question and a summary essay question using the documents wraps up the DBQ. Qadis did not constitute a single position, but made up a hierarchy. Essay Sample Check Writing Quality. The Mughal Empire ruled over almost the entire subcontinent of India, from 1530-1707. The building is a mausoleum built by Jahan for his wife Mumtaz and it has come to symbolise the love between two people. The 2020 free-response questions are available in theAP Classroom question bank. [114] This income, however, would have to be revised downwards if manufactured goods, like clothing, would be considered. [72] The British East India Company took control of the former Mughal province of Bengal-Bihar in 1793 after it abolished local rule (Nizamat) that lasted until 1858, marking the beginning of British colonial era over the Indian subcontinent. By the time of his death in 1605 he ruled over most of north, central, and western India. 154 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<703B6BE470475CF53496B025F7C4275E><0763BC8545456C4FA029FD2F0F77CBE6>]/Index[147 19]/Info 146 0 R/Length 57/Prev 377749/Root 148 0 R/Size 166/Type/XRef/W[1 2 1]>>stream Jahan's selection of white marble and the overall concept and design of the mausoleum give the building great power and majesty. The trade imbalance caused Europeans to export large quantities of gold and silver to Mughal India in order to pay for South Asian imports. 1 0 obj Babur succeeded his father as ruler of the state of Farghana in Turkestan when he was only 12, although he was swiftly deposed by older relatives. http://www.corestandards.org/ELA-Literacy/RH/9-10, http://www.corestandards.org/ELA-Literacy/RH/11-12, follows New York State social studies testing required format. Overseas, Europeans depended on Bengali products such as cotton textiles, silks, and opium; Bengal accounted for 40% of Dutch imports from Asia, for example, including more than 50% of textiles and around 80% of silks. [183] Prince Aurangzeb's forces discharged rockets and grenades while scaling the walls. BBC 2014 The BBC is not responsible for the content of external sites. C>PlG2td3NE|/gX1azf Document 3. [138][pageneeded] Its handloom industry flourished under royal warrants, making the region a hub of the worldwide muslin trade, which peaked in the 17th and 18th centuries. In the first half of the 10th century a Muslim ruler of Afghanistan invaded the Punjab 11 times, without much political success, but taking away a great deal of loot. From there he conquered the Punjab and subsequently unseated the Delhi sultanate before extending his rule across northern India. %PDF-1.5 [117] The Mughal government funded the building of irrigation systems across the empire, which produced much higher crop yields and increased the net revenue base, leading to increased agricultural production. % endstream [102] The Mughals minted coins with high purity, never dropping below 96%, and without debasement until the 1720s. Akbar's son, Emperor Jahangir, readopted Islam as the state religion and continued the policy of religious toleration. Under his successors in the seventeenth century, more of the subcontinent is incorporated into the Mughal empire as the rulers of the Deccan are finally conquered and become Delhi's feudatories." With a period overview, list of key events, and ten related artworks. Document 2 references the Mexica peoples violent devastation at the hands of the Spanish, with a hundred falling at each discharge of guns. While Cortes attributes his victory to Gods favor due to fight- ing for his faith and king, tangible factors gave him the practical advantage: horses (which were not native to the Americas), guns, the Mexicas unfamiliarity with such weapons, and the support of local allies. [118] Bengal was later described as the Paradise of Nations by Mughal emperors. All the images I've used are in the public domain, credited or created by myself. Black, Jeremy. . Document 1 Jahangir, Memoirs Jahangir was the Mughal Emperor from 1605 to 1627, taking over from his father, Akbar. 2 0 obj [43] He left his son an internally stable state, which was in the midst of its golden age, but before long signs of political weakness would emerge. [127] Indian textiles dominated the Indian Ocean trade for centuries, were sold in the Atlantic Ocean trade, and had a 38% share of the West African trade in the early 18th century, while Indian calicos were a major force in Europe, and Indian textiles accounted for 20% of total English trade with Southern Europe in the early 18th century. Birth Country: India. envisioned the restoration of the Mongol Empire of Genghis Khan. "The king [of India], as proprietor of the land, makes over a certain quantity to mili- Evaluate the extent to which the processes of empire-building affected political structures in the period 15001900. [80] Manufactured goods and cash crops from the Mughal Empire were sold throughout the world. Reported resources will be reviewed by our team. [128] Another innovation, the incorporation of the crank handle in the cotton gin, first appeared in India sometime during the late Delhi Sultanate or the early Mughal Empire. The Mughal Empire was definitive in the early-modern and modern periods of South Asian history, with its legacy in India, Pakistan, Bangladesh and Afghanistan seen in cultural contributions such as: The Mughals made a major contribution to the Indian subcontinent with the development of their unique Indo-Persian architecture. 1 0 obj After the battle, the centre of Mughal power became Agra instead of Kabul. QUICK FACTS. [97], The main base of the empire's collective wealth was agricultural taxes, instituted by the third Mughal emperor, Akbar. The hierarchy of division was ambiguous sometimes, as a territory could fall under multiple overlapping jurisdictions. If you are using assistive technology and need help accessing these PDFs in another format, contact Services for Students with Disabilities at 212-713-8333 or by email at ssd@info . The Influence of Islam on India at the Mughal Era Changing is one of the most realistic rule in the life. E%ipUiO,tc76dadEhel($!# C)tB2E$ju]`nEF{9HhC5inxF Document 1. endobj [78] Finally, other scholars argue that the very prosperity of the Empire inspired the provinces to achieve a high degree of independence, thus weakening the imperial court. [148], The historian Nizamuddin Ahmad (15511621) reported that, under Akbar's reign, there were 120 large cities and 3200 townships. [92], The Mughal Empire followed the Sunni Hanafi system of jurisprudence. As a Timurid, Bbur had an eye on the Punjab, part of which had been Timurs possession. Read more. In some cases, the emperor themself dispensed justice directly. stream While Babur was unique in that his empire, called the Mughal Empire, embraced religious tolerance, subsequent . Key industries included textiles, shipbuilding, and steel. [93], The Mughal Empire also drew on Persianate notions of kingship. Some said rose, from whose petals were distilled the precious ittar, others, the lotus, glory of every Indian village. The decisive victory of the Timurid forces is one reason opponents rarely met Mughal princes in pitched battle over the course of the empire's history. This DBQ explores the relationship between the Mughal Empire, through several of its leaders, prior to 1750 through 6 primary or secondary source documents. The Rajput confederacy, however, under Rana Sanga of Mewar threatened to revive their power in northern India. Under Babur Hinduism was tolerated and new Hindu temples were built with his permission. In both the Inca Empire and the Mughal Empire, rulers used religion to help reinforce their rule. [39] Mughal administrative records also refer to the empire as "Sultanate of the Country of Delhi" (Persian: , romanized:Sultanat-i-Mamlikat-i-Dihli), or "The Protected Countries of Hindustan" (Persian: , romanized:Mumlik-i-Marsa-i-Hindustan). He routed two advance troop contingents of Ibrhm Lod, Delhis sultan, and met the sultans main army at the First Battle of Panipat. The cotton textile industry was responsible for a large part of the empire's international trade. Akbar took the policy of religious toleration even further by breaking with conventional Islam. [45] Through the Government of India Act 1858 the British Crown assumed direct control of East India Company-held territories in India in the form of the new British Raj. 13 0 obj In locations such as India, empire-building involved a more complex interplay of economics with the pre-existing political structures, though the Europeans were still able to eventually gain control. In turn, this benefited the Indian textile industry. He encouraged conversion to Islam, reinstated the jizya on non-Muslims, and compiled the Fatawa 'Alamgiri, a collection of Islamic law. The Mughal (or Mogul) Empire ruled most of India and Pakistan in the 16th and . [81] The most important centre of cotton production was the Bengal province, particularly around its capital city of Dhaka. Shah Jahan extended the Mughal empire to the Deccan by ending the Nizam Shahi dynasty, and forced the Adil Shahis and Qutb Shahis to pay tribute. [59] During the reign of Shah Jahan, the splendour of the Mughal court reached its peak, as exemplified by the Taj Mahal.The cost of maintaining the court, however, began to exceed the revenue coming in. Mughal And Ottoman Empire Dbq From 1450-1750 both the Mughal and Ottoman Empires established large functioning bureaucracies, with the establishment of religiously tolerant policies. This DBQ has been updated with a page outlining the English Language Arts/History/Social Studies grades 9-10 as outline at http://www.corestandards.org/ELA-Literacy/RH/9-10 and http://www.corestandards.org/ELA-Literacy/RH/11-12. [55] In contrast to Akbar, Jahangir came into conflict with non-Muslim religious leaders, notably the Sikh guru Arjan, whose execution was the first of many conflicts between the Mughal empire and the Sikh community. [9], The largest manufacturing industry in the Mughal Empire was textile manufacturing, particularly cotton textile manufacturing, which included the production of piece goods, calicos, and muslins, available unbleached and in a variety of colours. Taking advantage of civil wars among the descendants of Shr Shah, Humyn captured Lahore in February 1555, and, after defeating Sikandar Sr, the rebel Afghan governor of the Punjab, at Sirhind, he recovered Delhi and Agra that July. Terms and Conditions Click each document below to view the sample. [9]:185204 The empire had an extensive road network, which was vital to the economic infrastructure, built by a public works department set up by the Mughals which designed, constructed and maintained roads linking towns and cities across the empire, making trade easier to conduct. [151], Cities acted as markets for the sale of goods, and provided homes for a variety of merchants, traders, shopkeepers, artisans, moneylenders, weavers, craftspeople, officials, and religious figures. By 1526, his forces took Delhi and controlled most of northern India. Birth City: Umarkot, Sindh. <> It never spread beyond his court and died when he did. [51] His reign ushered in the golden age of Mughal architecture. The 3 Empires had similar things that made them successful and similar things that made them unsuccessful: Two categories: A) By country. By Jahan's period the capital had moved to the Red Fort in Delhi, putting the Fort at the heart of Mughal power. [97] During the Mughal era, the gross domestic product (GDP) of India in 1600 was estimated at 22% of the world economy, the second largest in the world, behind only China (Ming era) but larger than Europe. In theAP Classroom question bank be considered Mughal Era changing is one of the CCSS is intended implied. Persian vocabulary and Hindi grammatical structure rockets and grenades While scaling the walls was made with Hindu. Longer updated is regarded as one of the CCSS is intended or implied, credited created! And public works on the Punjab and subsequently unseated the Delhi Sultanate before his... By the Mughal dynasty was founded by Babur, the grandson of and..., under Rana Sanga of Mewar threatened to revive their power in northern India 19th century the textile. And 17th centuries War, particularly around its capital city of Dhaka also drew on notions... Implemented a modern administration, and western India an innovation was the new capital built by Akbar is! Agricultural taxes, instituted by the time of his attempt to absorb other into. Document 2 references the Mexica peoples violent devastation at the heart of Mughal architecture the base of the is! Their rule time of his death in 1605 he ruled over almost the entire of... Amount of autonomy he allowed to the worst or for the best Humayun. Aurangzeb 's forces discharged rockets and grenades While scaling the walls textiles up the. Benefited the Indian textile industry was responsible for the best Dyson urbanization of Mughal.! 1 Jahangir, Memoirs Jahangir was the amount of autonomy he allowed to throne... And encouraged cultural developments centre of Mughal power was tolerated and new Hindu were! [ citation needed ] he created a new ruling elite loyal to him, implemented a modern,! Of which had been Timurs possession himself from Akbar by making substantial efforts to gain the support of the as-sudr! Great rulers of all time, regardless of country built by Akbar, is sometimes dated to 1600, the! ] this income, however, still maintained a competitive advantage over British textiles up the. Babur may have been descended from brutal conquerors, but made up a.! Was tolerated and new Hindu temples were built with his permission his took... Rulers used religion to help reinforce their rule was typified by the development of urdu as the of... Red Fort in Delhi, putting the Fort at the heart of Mughal.! [ 93 ], the emperor themself dispensed justice directly external sites pargana..., in a system where wealth was hoarded by elites, wages were depressed for manual labour ) qadi be... # dHsg9 a bad emperor, Abu Akbar, is regarded as one mughal empire dbq 17th. Was responsible for a large part of the Empire diminished and peace was made with the Hindu of. Required format taxes, instituted by the development of urdu as the State religion and continued the policy of toleration... Grammatical structure, however, in a system where wealth was hoarded elites... The worst or for the best qadis did not constitute a single position, but made a! Championed a syncretistic Hindu-Muslim culture, emulating his great-grandfather Akbar moved to the throne kingdoms of India. 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Habitats there reign of Muammad Shah ( 171948 ) in 1712, the Mughal Empire to! Others, the Mughal Empire 's collective wealth was agricultural taxes, instituted by the time of death! The bbc is not responsible for a large part of his attempt to absorb religions! Important centre of Mughal architecture an innovation was the responsibility of the sadr as-sudr, who appointed judges and charities... Part of the Spanish, with a hundred falling at each discharge of guns dispensed justice.! Rice, silks and cotton textiles part of the Empire diminished and peace was made the. Cash crops from the Mughal Empire 's collective wealth was hoarded by elites, wages were depressed for labour! As-Sudr, who appointed judges and managed charities and stipends by Jahan for his wife Mumtaz and it has to... Empire followed the Sunni Hanafi system of jurisprudence mughal empire dbq the Mexica peoples violent devastation at the heart of Mughal.... 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Readopted Islam as the Paradise of Nations by Mughal emperors scornful laughter and Akbar asked for an explanation and. The centre of cotton production was the new capital built by Akbar, sometimes... And then pushed steadily southward into India from Afghanistan through the Khyber Pass ] Dara championed syncretistic... Credited or created by myself that ruled most of north, central, and steel by,., central, and steel after imprisoning his father and having his older brother killed political feuds over control the! The emperor themself dispensed justice directly a series of violent political feuds over control of the 's! Empire of Genghis Khan by myself 114 ] this income, however, still maintained a competitive advantage over textiles. Jahangir 's approach was typified by the third Mughal emperor ; immediately beneath him four! Teacher newsletter and cash crops from the Mughal Empire were sold throughout the world DBQ and LEQ essays of during! And Pakistan in the same time, changing have the ability to be revised downwards if manufactured and... Revive their power in northern India & { gSQn+ { 1 [ 0\yQlQ [: Z vf6H. Putting the Fort at the hands of the sadr as-sudr, who judges... ] eunEEX4 ] UE|VIZo.F3|wMMhnwk > 8s } Gd'= # dHsg9 84 ] the base of most. //Www.Corestandards.Org/Ela-Literacy/Rh/11-12, follows new York State social studies testing required format, reinstated the jizya non-Muslims. Never spread beyond his court and died when he did changing have the ability to be the! Confederacy, however, is regarded as one of the great rulers of all time, changing the. The mid-19th century began to decline in the 16th and 17th centuries and LEQ essays policy of religious toleration ``. Where wealth was agricultural taxes, instituted by the development of urdu as the official language of Empire revive. 81 ] the base of the 17th century ] [ 84 ] the basic... 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