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But one issue not raised during his visit was the fate of Assata Shakur, the legendary figure within the Black Panther Party and the Black Liberation Army who now lives in Cuba, where she has political asylum. "[79] Morris County, had a far smaller black population than Middlesex County. ". [141] The New Jersey Legal Ethics Committee also investigated complaints against Hinds for comparing Shakur's murder trial to "legalized lynching"[142] undertaken by a "kangaroo court". Shakur a former member of the Black Liberation Army had been injured during the shootout, which involved two other BLA members and State Troopers James Harper and Werner Foerster, the latter of which was killed. "[164] The case was delayed in being brought to trial as a result of an agreement between the governors of New York and New Jersey as to the priority of the various charges against Shakur. Prial, Frank J. Is she a terrorist? [189] Shakur has been described as a "rap music legend"[222] and a "minor cause celebre". . "[123], In an open letter to Castro, chair of the Congressional Black Caucus Representative Maxine Waters of California later explained that many members of the Caucus (including herself) were against Shakur's extradition but had mistakenly voted for the bill, which was placed on the accelerated suspension calendar, generally reserved for non-controversial legislation. Malcolm X told the truth when he stated, "Education is an important element in the struggle for human rights. [52] After her capture, however, Shakur was not charged with any of the crimes for which she was purportedly the subject of the manhunt. [104], The Turnpike shootout proceedings continued with Judge John E. Bachman in Middlesex County. "Mistrial Declared in Chesimard Case as Jury Splits 11-1". [64] The other charges were: first-degree murder (of Foerster), second-degree murder (of Zayd Shakur), illegal possession of a weapon, and armed robbery (related to Foerster's service revolver). She testified that she remained there until State Troopers dragged her onto the road. Trump specifically called for the return of "the cop-killer Joanne Chesimard". [149], A total of 408 potential jurors were questioned during the voir dire, which concluded on February 14. Also involved in the shootout were New Jersey State Troopers Werner Foerster and James Harper and BLA members Sundiata Acoli and Zayd Malik Shakur. Assata Shakur is Tupac Shakur's godmother Assata Shakur was the de facto leader of the Black Liberation Army in the early 1970s. [70], Shakur's defense attorneys were William Kunstler (the chief of Shakur's defense staff),[134] Stuart Ball, Robert Bloom, Raymond A. The film premiered at the San Diego Black Film Festival and starred Assata Shakur herself. Throughout the 1970s, she was indicted nearly a. [45][46][47] Shakur was reported as one of six suspects in the ambushing of four policementwo in Jamaica, Queens, and two in Brooklynon January 28, 1973. Assata's real crime, FBI spokesman Aaron Ford said, was that from Cuba she continues to "maintain and promote her ideology" and "provides anti-U.S. government speeches espousing the Black Liberation Army message"an ideology and message that the U.S. government has declared "terrorism." The FBI and the NYPD further charged her as being a leader of the Black . [64] Appleby reiterated that the jury must consider separately the four assault charges (atrocious assault and battery, assault on a police officer acting in the line of duty, assault with a deadly weapon, and assault with intent to kill), each of which carried a total maximum penalty of 33years in prison. She escaped from prison in 1979 and later fled to Cuba in 1984, where she gained political asylum. [13], Shakur attended Borough of Manhattan Community College (BMCC) and then the City College of New York (CCNY) in the mid-1960s, where she became involved in many political activities, civil rights protests, and sit-ins. that somewhere in your heart you have love for me. In 1979, she escaped from prison and made her way to Cuba, where she was granted political asylum and continues to live today. Nelson, Jim (February 29, 1988). The BLA's most notorious attack, however, came in 1972, when it carried out perhaps the most gruesome assassination of police officers in the history of New York, killing two patrolmen, Greg Foster. [165] The charges were dismissed without trial. [240], In 2015, New Jersey's Kean University dropped hip-hop artist Common as a commencement speaker because of police complaints. At the rally, a statement from Shakur was circulated condemning U.S. prison conditions and calling for an independent "New Afrikan" state. In 1987, her presence in Cuba became widely known when she agreed to be interviewed by Newsday. She has been on the FBI Most Wanted Terrorist list since 2013 as Joanne Deborah Chesimard and was the first woman to be added to this list. [96] Judge Arnold Bauman denied the application, but directed another lawyer, Howard Jacobs, to defend Shakur while Williams remained the attorney of record. They "attempted to tie Assata to every suspected action of the BLA involving a woman". Assata Shakur, whose real name is Joanne Chesimard, is a Black Panther activist, a member of the left-wing Black Liberation Army, who was convicted of murder in 1977. Judge Lee P. Gagliardi denied a postponement, and the Second Circuit denied Shakur's petition for mandamus. ", Waggoner, Walter H. (February 14, 1977). [122] In this trial, Shakur acted as her own co-counsel and told the jury in her opening testimony: I have decided to act as co-counsel, and to make this opening statement, not because I have any illusions about my legal abilities, but, rather, because there are things that I must say to you. Krebs, Alan (February 3, 1978), "Notes on People". The reward for her capture and return was also doubled to $2 million. [120][121] The trial was delayed until 1976,[119] when Shakur was represented by Stanley Cohen and Evelyn Williams. Assata Olugbala Shakurpolitical activist, author, fugitive, and step-aunt of the famed, slain hip-hop artist Tupac Shakur was born JoAnne Deborah Bryon on July 16, 1947 in New York City, New York. A fugitive convicted killer has become the first woman to be put on the FBI's list of "Most Wanted Terrorists". The students had chained and locked the entrance to a college building to protest the low numbers of black faculty and the lack of a black studies program. Assata Shakur, a former member of the Black Liberation Army, was convicted in 1977 for the murder of a state trooper during a shootout in New Jersey. "[79] Polls of residents in Middlesex County, where Acoli had been convicted less than three years earlier,[80] showed that 83% knew Shakur's identity and 70% believed that she was guilty. She's an activist, member of the Black Liberation Army, and escaped convicted murderer with a $2 million bounty currently on her head. Chesimard v. Gagliardi, 489 F.2d 271 (2d Cir. Operating from about 1971 to 1981, the BLA used tactics including . [59][58] The vehicle was chased by three patrol cars and the booths down the turnpike were alerted. [134] All of the 15 jurorsten women and five menwere white, and most were under thirty years old. ", Seedman, Albert and Peter Hellman. "[221] The bounty announcement reportedly caused Shakur to "drop out of sight" after having previously lived relatively openly (including having her home telephone number listed in her local telephone directory). Born on July 16, 1947 in Queens, New York City, Assata Shakur's age is 69. [149] Acoli did not testify or make any pre-trial statements, nor did he testify in his own trial or give a statement to the police. [202] Shakur is also known to have worked as an English-language editor for Radio Havana Cuba. Bachman. John Young, in August, 1971. Christol, 2001, p. 140. Smothers, Ronald (October 24, 1973), "Chesimard Case Gets A Jury Shift". [77], Between 1973 and 1977, in New York and New Jersey, Shakur was indicted ten times, resulting in seven different criminal trials. $55.00 + $5.55 shipping. [62][12], On March 24, the jurors listened for 45minutes to a rereading of testimony of the State Police chemist regarding the blood found at the scene, on the LeMans, and Shakur's clothing. In 1977, she was convicted of the murder of State Trooper Foerster and of seven other felonies related to the 1973 shootout. [66] According to the testimony of State Police investigators, two jammed semi-automatic pistols were discovered near Foerster's body. Judge Starkey said, "People have constitutional rights, and you can't shuffle them around. [198] Since her escape, Shakur has been charged with unlawful flight to avoid imprisonment. A condition of making a new deal between the United States and Cuba is the release of political prisoners and the return of fugitives from justice. Chambers, Marcia (December 28, 1973). "Warrant Issued In Police Slaying". [58][68] Assata Shakur was interrogated and arraigned from her hospital bed. In her 320-page memoir, Shakur gave one paragraph to her marriage, saying that it ended over their differing views of gender roles. [145] On May 6, 1977, Judge Clarkson Fisher, of the United States District Court for the District of New Jersey, denied Shakur's request for an injunction requiring her transfer from the all-male facility to Clinton Correctional Facility for Women; the Third Circuit affirmed. Last week, it. [202] She has praised Fidel Castro as a "hero of the oppressed"[12] and referred to herself as a "20th century escaped slave". Johnston, Richard H. (February 13, 1974). [127] She was the only one of the six suspects in the robbery to be brought to trial. [58], According to a New Jersey Police spokesperson, Assata Shakur was on her way to a "new hideout in Philadelphia" and "heading ultimately for Washington". [63] At this trial, Harper said that Foerster reached into the vehicle, pulled out and held up a semi-automatic pistol and ammunition magazine, and said "Jim, look what I found",[63] while facing Harper at the rear of the vehicle. [169][174][175], On April 8, 1978, Shakur was transferred to Alderson Federal Prison Camp in Alderson, West Virginia, where she met Puerto Rican nationalist Lolita Lebrn[10] and Mary Alice, a Catholic nun, who introduced Shakur to the concept of liberation theology. Assata Shakur and the Cuban Revolution After being liberated from a maximum security prison in New Jersey, Assata lived underground for five years. Pace, Eric (December 27, 1971). Farley, Anthony Paul (March 2001). 1977) (en banc). [188][189] In part for his role in the event, Mutulu was named on July 23, 1982, as the 380th addition to the FBI's Ten Most Wanted Fugitives list, where he remained for the next four years until his capture in 1986. [81], Sundiata Acoli, Assata Shakur, Trooper Harper, and a New Jersey Turnpike driver who saw part of the incident were the only surviving witnesses. Submitted by Juan Conatz on October 8, 2012. [88], During the trial, the defendants were escorted to a "holding pen" outside the courtroom several times after shouting complaints and epithets at Judge Gagliardi. [244], In July 2017, the Women's March official Twitter feed celebrated Shakur's birthday, leading to criticism from some right-wing media outlets. [149] Trooper Harper's reports then state that he ran to the rear of his car and shot at Shakur who had exited the vehicle and was firing from a crouched position next to the vehicle. Tools Sundiata Acoli (born January 14, 1937, [1] as Clark Edward Squire) is an American political activist who was a member of the Black Panther Party and the Black Liberation Army. [17] Specifically, documentary evidence suggests that Shakur was targeted by an investigation named CHESROB, which "attempted to hook former New York Panther Joanne Chesimard (Assata Shakur) to virtually every bank robbery or violent crime involving a black woman on the East Coast". [192], At the time of the escape, Kunstler had just started to prepare her appeal. [165] The prosecutor was C. Richard Gibbons. [58] Acoli was captured after a 36-hour manhuntinvolving 400 people, state police helicopters, and bloodhounds. Exploring her well-read autobiography last year changed my life. Title: Black Liberation Army Papers Creator: Black Liberation Army Inclusive dates: 1963-1998 Extent: 1.5 Linear feet (1 records box and 1 manuscript box) Abstract: . Sundiata Acoli, 85, the oldest former member of the Black Panthers still to be incarcerated for acts of violence during the 1970s Black liberation struggle, is finally to be released from. In July 1973, after being indicted by a grand jury, Shakur pleaded not guilty in Federal Court in Brooklyn to an indictment related to a $7,700 robbery of the Bankers Trust Company bank in Queens on August 31, 1971. [92] Gagliardi denied requests by the jurors to pose questions to the witnesseseither directly or through himand declined to provide the jury with information they requested about how long the defense had been given to prepare, saying it was "none of their concern". Shakur's only daughter, Kakuya Shakur, was conceived during her trial[108] and born on September 11, 1974, in the "fortified psychiatric ward" at Elmhurst General Hospital in Queens,[122][170] where Shakur stayed for a few days before being returned to Rikers Island. [81] A contemporary New York Times editorial criticized Williams for failing to maintain courtroom "decorum," comparing her actions to William Kunstler's recent contempt conviction for his actions during the "Chicago Seven" trial. 1974). She escaped from prison in 1979 and is currently wanted by the FBI, with a $1 million reward for her apprehension. [239], The largely Internet-based "Hands Off Assata!" [59][61], The stop occurred 200 yards (183m) south of what was then the Turnpike Authority administration building. Her trial and conviction were a result of the government conspiracy to destroy Black freedom fighters and the movement for liberation from capitalism. Black brothers, black sisters, I want you to know that I love you and I hope . and convicted cop-killer Assata Shakur. Kaufman, Michael T. (February 9, 1972), "9 in Black 'Army' Are Hunted in Police Assassinations". Gysin, Fritz, and Mulvey, Christopher (eds.). Hepp, Rick (October 31, 2004). Under cross-examination, Shakur was unable to explain how three magazines of ammunition and 16 live shells had gotten into her shoulder bag; she also admitted to knowing that Zayd Shakur carried a gun at times, and specifically to seeing a gun sticking out of Acoli's pocket while stopping for supper at a Howard Johnson's restaurant shortly before the shooting. [162] According to tape recordings and police reports made several hours after the shoot-out, when Harper returned on foot to the administration building 200yards (183m) away, he did not report Foerster's presence at the scene; no one at headquarters knew of Foerster's involvement in the shoot-out until his body was discovered beside his patrol car, more than an hour later. Assata Olugbala Shakur is a former member of the Black Liberation Army (BLA), who was convicted of being an accomplice in the first-degree murder of State Trooper Werner Foerster. [58] Assata Shakur testified that she was on her way to Baltimore for a job as a bar waitress. [15] In April 1967, she married Louis Chesimard, a fellow student-activist at CCNY. A neurologist testified that the median nerve in Shakur's right arm was severed by the second bullet, making her unable to pull a trigger. "Going Back to Class? Three indictments were dismissed without trial. "Squires Jurors Hear Chase Tape". Expand. Batista, Carlos (March 18, 2002). [248], "Assata" redirects here. [119] Judge Jacob Mishlerset set a tentative trial date of November 5 that year. During a confrontation, a shootout ensued, killing Foerster and one of the passengers in the car. [226], In June 2017, President Donald Trump gave a speech "cancelling" the Cuban thaw policies of his predecessor Barack Obama. [8] In 1950, Shakur's parents divorced and she moved with her grandparents to Wilmington, North Carolina. [2] Acoli was granted parole in 2022 at the age of 85. [138], At the post-trial press conference, Kunstler blamed the verdict on racism, stating that "the white element was there to destroy her". [163] Appleby finally sentenced Shakur to 30days in the Middlesex County Workhouse for contempt of court, concurrent with the other sentences, for refusing to rise when he entered the courtroom. However, Appleby dismissed the second-degree murder of Zayd Shakur, as the New Jersey Supreme Court had recently narrowed the application of the law. [103] Both defendants were acquitted in the retrial; six jurors interviewed after the trial stated that they did not believe the two key prosecution witnesses. Black militancy: notes from the underground. [33][34][35], Shakur was wanted for questioning for wounding a police officer on January 26, 1972, who was attempting to serve a traffic summons in Brooklyn. After she ran away from home several times, her aunt, who would later act as one of her lawyers, took her in. [164], On November 22, 1977, Shakur pleaded not guilty to an attempted armed robbery indictment stemming from the 1971 incident at the Statler Hilton Hotel. Prial, Frank J. [128] Based on New Jersey law, if Shakur's presence at the scene could be considered as "aiding and abetting" the murder of Foerster, she could be convicted even if she had not fired the bullets which had killed him. [231] CUNY was sued by student and alumni groups after removing the plaque. The name of Assata Shakur, a woman convicted in the 1973 killing of a New Jersey state trooper, has been used by Black Lives Matter to illustrate what the group called Cuba's "solidarity with. [110] Neurosurgeon Dr. Arthur Turner Davidson, Associate Professor of Surgery at Albert Einstein College of Medicine, testified that the wounds in her upper arms, armpit and chest, and severed median nerve that instantly paralyzed her right arm, would only have been caused if both arms were raised, and that to sustain such injuries while crouching and firing a weapon (as described in Trooper Harper's testimony) "would be anatomically impossible". The correspondence sub-series consist of letters written to or from McCreary ranging in date from 1963-1998. . [145], Judge Appleby also threatened Kunstler with dismissal and contempt of court after he delivered an October 21, 1976, speech at nearby Rutgers University that in part discussed the upcoming trial,[146] but later ruled that Kunstler could represent Shakur. [149], Shakur testified that Trooper Harper shot her after she raised her arms to comply with his demand. [85], The prosecution's case rested largely on the testimony of two men who had pleaded guilty to participating in the holdup. [155] Judge Appleby rejected Kunstler's claim that the juror had violated the order. (2001). Assata Shakur expresses her concerns about how her fellow people have been treated in America. [238] According to Dylan Rodriguez, to many "U.S. radicals and revolutionaries" Shakur represents a "venerated (if sometimes fetishized) signification of liberatory desire and possibility". [71], Her defense team alleged that her medical care during this period was "substandard". Parry, Wayne (May 24, 2005), "NY councilman plans rally against Chesimard bounty". Quick Reference. "Judge and Defendants Clash Again as Chesimard Jury Is Chosen". The official BLM statement points out that the Cuban government has acted in solidarity with historically oppressed Black people, including offering political asylum to the American Assata Shakur . Johnston, Richard J. H. (March 9, 1974). [41], Some sources identify Shakur as the de facto head of the BLA after the arrest of co-founder Dhoruba Moore. The great African American revolutionary, Assata Shakur, turned 73 on July 16. Montgomery, Paul L. (February 20, 1972), "3D Suspect Linked To Police Slayings". Shakur later wrote that teachers seemed surprised when she answered a question in class, as if not expecting black people to be intelligent and engaged. Pre-owned. ", then displayed a revolver and demanded money. [58][61][62] Acoli was driving the two-door vehicle, Assata Shakur was seated in the right front seat, and Zayd Shakur was in the right rear seat. Details about ***RARE*** ASSATA SHAKUR/JOANNE CHESIMARD BLACK PANTHER PARTY FBI WANTED POSTER See original listing . In May 1973, Shakur and two other members of the Black Liberation Army (BLA) were pulled over on the New Jersey Turnpike by State Trooper Werner Foerster and another highway officer. [81][82] Seven other BLA members were indicted by District Attorney Eugene Gold in connection with the series of holdups and shootings on the same day,[84] whoaccording to Goldrepresented the "top echelon" of the BLA as determined by a year-long investigation. The United States District Court for the District of New Jersey denied the petition and also denied Shakur an injunction against the holding of trial proceedings on Fridays. [17] In Oakland, Shakur worked with the BPP to organize protests and community education programs. "[12], On May 2, 1973, at about 12:45a.m.,[58] Assata Shakur, along with Zayd Malik Shakur (born James F. Costan) and Sundiata Acoli (born Clark Squire), were stopped on the New Jersey Turnpike in East Brunswick for driving with a broken tail light by State Trooper James Harper, backed up by Trooper Werner Foerster in a second patrol vehicle. She eventually joined both the Black Panther Party and the Black Liberation Army. An activist in black radical groups such as the Black Panther Party and the Black Liberation Army, Shakur was convicted of murdering a New Jersey state trooper in 1977, but supporters helped her escape prison and take refuge in Cuba. ". [36] Based on FBI photographs, Monsignor John Powis alleged that Shakur was involved in an armed robbery at Our Lady of the Presentation Church in Brownsville, Brooklyn, on September 14, 1972. [94] This trial resulted in a hung jury and then a mistrial, when the jury reported to Gagliardi that they were hopelessly deadlocked for the fourth time. She became involved in political activism at Borough of Manhattan Community College and City College of New York. "Black Liberation leaders indicted". [186][187] No one was injured during the prison break, including the officers held as hostages who were left in a parking lot. [122] The jury determined that a widely circulated FBI photo allegedly showing Shakur participating in the robbery was not her. [193] The Cuban government paid approximately $13 a day toward her living expenses. Inadmissible Evidence: The Story of the African-American Trial Lawyer Who Defended the Black Liberation Army: Williams, Evelyn: 9780595141708: Amazon.com: Books Books Biographies & Memoirs Community & Culture Buy new: $13.40 List Price: $15.95 Details Save: $2.55 (16%) Get Fast, Free Shipping with Amazon Prime FREE Returns Following her parents' divorce in 1950, she moved with her mother and maternal grandparents to Wilmington, North Carolina. [118] Shakur and co-defendant Ronald Myers were acquitted on December 19, 1975, after seven hours of jury deliberation, ending a three-month trial in front of Judge William Thompson.[117]. [12] She attended for a while before dropping out. "[44][78] It gives an account of her life beginning with her youth in the South and New York. [63] Questioned by prosecutor C. Judson Hamlin, Harper said he saw Foerster shot just as Assata Shakur was hit by bullets from Harper's gun. [206][207] The book was published by Lawrence Hill & Company in the United States and Canada but the copyright is held by Zed Books Ltd. of London due to "Son of Sam" laws, which restrict who can receive profits from a book. After the vehicle was pulled over, two men stepped out of the vehicle and opened fire on NYPD officers John Scarangella and Richard Rainey. . [111] On March 5, 1974, two new defendants (Jeannette Jefferson and Robert Hayes) were named in an indictment involving the same charges. [185] On November 2, 1979, Shakur escaped the Clinton Correctional Facility for Women in New Jersey, when three members of the Black Liberation Army visiting her drew concealed .45-caliber pistols and a stick of dynamite, seized two correction officers as hostages, commandeered a van and (with the assistance of members of the May 19 Communist Organization) made their escape. "Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act of 1996," Public Law 104-132 is dated April 24, 1996 and . Assata Shakur mother of three, activist, and leader was convicted of first degree murder in 1977. [241], In 2015, Black Lives Matter co-founder Alicia Garza writes: "When I use Assata's powerful demand in my organizing work, I always begin by sharing where it comes from, sharing about Assata's significance to the Black Liberation Movement, what its political purpose and message is, and why it's important in our context. "Mrs. Chesimard Is Ousted Again as 2d Trial for Robbery Begins". Fast Facts: Assata Shakur Also Known As: JoAnne Chesimard Born: July 16, 1947, in New York City [23] She identified as an African and felt her old name no longer fit: "It sounded so strange when people called me Joanne. "The Msgr. Chesimard, a fugitive living in Cuba under the name Assata Shakur, was a member of the Black Liberation Army in 1973 when she shot and killed Trooper Werner Foerster during a traffic stop. On May 2, 1973, Assata was driving with Zayd Malik Shakur and Sundiata Acoli on the New Jersey Turnpike when New Jersey state troopers stopped them. [205] The book does not give a detailed account of her involvement in the BLA or the events on the New Jersey Turnpike, except to say that the jury "[c]onvicted a woman with her hands up! [67], Acoli drove the car (a white Pontiac LeMans with Vermont license plates)[62]which contained Assata Shakur, who was wounded, and Zayd Shakur, who was dead or dying5 miles (8km) down the road. [95] The new jury selection was marked by attempts by Williams to be relieved of her duties, owing to disagreements with Shakur as well as with Hilton's attorney. 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Black sisters, I want you to know that I love you and I hope the African. First degree murder in 1977, she married Louis Chesimard, a fellow student-activist at CCNY menwere... Booths down the Turnpike shootout proceedings continued with Judge John E. Bachman in County. At CCNY '' redirects here ] and a `` minor cause celebre '' and fled... Allegedly showing Shakur participating in the struggle for human rights Bachman in Middlesex.! Onto the road and demanded money to destroy Black freedom fighters and the Second Circuit denied Shakur petition! Both the Black liberation Army and I hope when he stated, quot. 189 ] Shakur is also known to have worked as an English-language editor for Radio Havana Cuba eventually both! Acoli was granted parole in 2022 at the age of 85 de facto head of the 15 women... Party FBI wanted POSTER See original listing you to know that I you! Leader was convicted of the BLA after the arrest of co-founder Dhoruba Moore ] Judge Appleby rejected 's.

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